The current landscape of clinical endocrinology is undergoing a paradigm shift that moves beyond the rigid distinction between autoimmune and metabolic diabetes. This course aims to explore the emergence of complex new phenotypes, such as Type 1 diabetes associated with overweight and obesity, while delving into the crucial role of beta-cell autoimmunity and the diagnostic challenges posed by LADA (Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults) in light of the latest international consensus. By analyzing the new therapeutic horizons for Type 2 diabetes and the integrated approach to Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome, this program provides a modern, multisystemic perspective essential for managing the interplay between hyperglycemia, obesity, and long-term organ protection.